If your first move with every vascular patient is “order a duplex,” you’re not alone - but you might be skipping the most valuable test you have.
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is one of those diagnoses that hides in plain sight. The patient is young, often athletic, with exertional calf pain that sounds vascular, but resting ABIs and routine imaging look “normal.” The risk is that these patients get labeled with chronic exertional compartment syndrome or a vague overuse injury, while repetitive arterial compression quietly damages the popliteal artery.
Noninvasive vascular testing remains the cornerstone of diagnosing peripheral artery disease (PAD). While the fundamentals of testing have not changed, the interpretation and clinical integration have evolved significantly.
Artificial intelligence is no longer a theoretical discussion in vascular medicine. It is already integrated into imaging, diagnostics, reporting systems, and predictive modeling. The shift is happening quietly - but decisively. The real question is not whether we should embrace AI.